Delta-electronics Programmable Logic Controller DVP-PLC Manuel d'utilisateur télécharger pdf (Page 5)

1 Basic Principles of PLC Ladder Diagram

DVP-PLC Application Manual

1-1

Foreword: Background and Functions of PLC

PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is an electronic device, previously called “sequence controller”. In 1978,

NEMA (National Electrical Manufacture Association) in the United States officially named it as “programmable logic

controller”. PLC reads the status of the external input devices, e.g. keypad, sensor, switch and pulses, and execute by

the microprocessor logic, sequential, timing, counting and arithmetic operations according the status of the input

signals as well as the pre-written program stored in the PLC. The generated output signals are sent to output devices

as the switch of a relay, electromagnetic valve, motor drive, control of a machine or operation of a procedure for the

purpose of machine automation or processing procedure. The peripheral devices (e.g. personal computer/handheld

programming panel) can easily edit or modify the program and monitor the device and conduct on-site program

maintenance and adjustment. The widely used language in designing a PLC program is the ladder diagram.

With the development of the electronic technology and wider applications of PLC in the industry, for example in

position control and the network function of PLC, the input/output signals of PLC include DI (digital input), AI (analog

input), PI (pulse input), NI (numeric input), DO (digital output), AO (analog output), and PO (pulse output). Therefore,

PLC will still stand important in the industrial automation field in the future.

1.1 The Working Principles of Ladder Diagram

The ladder diagram was a diagram language for automation developed in the WWII period, which is the oldest

and most widely adopted language in automation. In the initial stage, there were only A (normally open) contact, B

(normally closed) contact, output coil, timer and counter…the sort of basic devices on the ladder diagram (see the

power panel that is still used today). After the invention of PLC, the devices displayable on the ladder diagram are

added with differential contact, latched coil and the application commands which were not in a traditional power panel,

for example the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operations.

The working principles of the traditional ladder diagram and PLC ladder diagram are basically the same. The

only difference is that the symbols on the traditional ladder diagram are more similar to its original form, and PLC

ladder diagram adopts the symbols that are easy to recognize and shown on computer or data sheets. In terms of the

logic of the ladder diagram, there are combination logic and sequential logic.

1. Combination Logic

Examples of traditional ladder diagram and PLC ladder diagram for combination logic:

Traditional Ladder Diagram PLC Ladder Diagram

Row 1: Using a normally open (NO) switch X0 (“A” switch or “A" contact). When X0 is not pressed, the contact

will be open loop (Off), so Y0 will be Off. When X0 is pressed, the contact will be On, so Y0 will be On.

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Mj1 30 Jul 2026 | 22:21:46

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